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		 sports, race, and IQ... • 'Blacks' do not have a genetic advantage in sports. • 'Blacks' do not have a genetic intellectual disadvantage. • Human races do not exist. • The IQ literature is a series of frauds. BOOK SUMMARY Some academics and others peddle pseudo-science in order to allege that blacks are good at sports and bad at thinking. Resurrecting Racism answers them with proper science. The first half of the book shows that blacks do not have superior sports ability and that biologists, using the latest genetic data, have concluded that human races do not exist, contrary to what racists would like to believe. The second half of the book (beginning in chapter 6) traces the history of IQ testing, documenting that the IQ literature was built by committing outright fraud. IQ 'research' has been used to allege that blacks have inferior 'intelligence,' but those who developed the IQ literature turned the purpose of the original tests upside down, twisted their statistics, made up their math, and invented nonexistent researchers, publishing fake studies under phony names. These 'researchers' were also the major propagandists of the eugenics movement, which movement is responsible for creating the German Nazis. This is also documented in the second half of Resurrecting Racism, as is the fact that today's IQ 'researchers' continue this fraudulent and dangerous tradition. 
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         Resurrecting
      Racism © 2004 Francisco Gil-White 
		
		
		
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		 Table of Contents  
		Introduction Chapter 1.  
		The claim that “black 
		athletes dominate sports” misuses the sports data. 
		 
		Recently, journalist Jon Entine has written a book defending the claim that
		
		
		“black 
		athletes dominate sports,” 
		which he says is demonstrated by the Olympic performance of African 
		athletes. The claim is false. What is true is that members of some small 
		populations, widely scattered in Africa, are good at some specific 
		sports, whereas members of other African populations underperform in the 
		very same sports, as shown in this chapter by adducing the very evidence 
		that Jon Entine mistakenly thinks supports his own case. Chapter 2. Those 
		who say human races exist contradict the biological definition of 
		‘race.’ 
		Jon Entine tries hard to convince his 
		readers that human races exist, the better to convince them that there 
		is a ‘black’ race with a biological advantage in sports. Contrary to popular opinion, 
		however, there are no 
		sharp boundaries in human variation: human traits vary smoothly. Since biologists require sharp boundaries or ‘discontinuities’ in order to say 
		that a species has races or ‘subspecies,’ it follows that 
		there are no 
		human races. Because most people are unaware that what they view as 
		races do not have sharp boundaries, and also unaware of the way 
		biologists define ‘race,’ those who argue that races exist 
		-- such as Jon Entine -- can get away 
		with the false claim that science supports the notion of a ‘black,’ 
		‘white,’ and ‘yellow race.’ This chapter explains 
		how biologists define ‘race’ and how the likes of Jon Entine misuse this 
		word, knowing that the lay public has no defense. Chapter 3. Those who 
		say human races exist misrepresent thought processes as reality and 
		disregard the genetic data. 
		Sharp genetic boundaries between 
		populations within a species are a requirement if biologists are to 
		speak of races. Attempting to get around the problem that human 
		populations are not separated by sharp genetic boundaries, Jon Entine 
		offers a creative solution: he re-defines 
		
		‘race’ as not requiring sharp 
		boundaries and tells people that if you think you see a
		
		‘race,’ it’s 
		there. This chapter explains the genetic data that have led biologists 
		to conclude that there are no subspecies -- i.e. ‘races’ -- in the human 
		species, and it shows how Jon Entine pretends that the same data 
		supposedly support his case. Chapter 4. Claiming human races 
		exist, an 'expert witness' ignores genetics and embraces incoherence. 
		Jon Entine and other race 
		enthusiasts put forth Vincent Sarich, a biological anthropologist, as 
		their leading expert. Sarich claims to prove that human races exist 
		using arguments about chimps and dogs, even though these arguments fail 
		to support his claims.  He also ignores the human genetic data, 
		even though he is supposed to be a biological anthropologist. Is this 
		because the genetic data do not support his case? Chapter 5.  The new ‘race 
		scientists’ want us to view everything in terms of…race.  
		Does that mean they’re racists? Chapter 6.  What are IQ tests 
		really about? Not about ‘intelligence’ as the IQ-testers define this 
		word.  
		IQ-testers claim to have shown that 
		so-called ‘black’ people are less intelligent. This is a fraud. First, 
		because IQ-testers have completely misused the tests that Alfred Binet 
		and Theophile Simon created, and which became the basis of all IQ 
		testing. Second, because IQ-testers have faked their data, used phony 
		statistics, and even invented nonexistent researchers whose nonexistent 
		studies were published under phony names, as this chapter, and the next, 
		will document. Jon Entine devotes about 10% of his book to defending 
		IQ-testers. Why does he? Chapter 7.  ‘Intelligence 
		testing’ as a tool of the eugenic program of extermination. 
		It is not by coincidence that 'intelligence 
		testing' is connected with the history of eugenic extermination programs. Rather, it 
		was the architects of these eugenic programs who created 'intelligence 
		testing' so that they could appear to be doing science while they 
		attacked those categories of people whom they hated. Such programs had 
		limited success in Britain in the first half of the 20th century, but in 
		the United States they were a roaring success -- and then, even more so, 
		in Germany. This chapter documents the origin and development of IQ 
		testing as part and parcel of the eugenics movement -- the same movement 
		that produced German Nazism. This is what Jon Entine is defending. Chapter 8.  Eugenics and the 
		World War I ‘intelligence tests’ in the US Army. 
		Eugenics had become quite mainstream by 
		the time the US entered World War I, in 1917. So the US government felt 
		comfortable treating the entire US military as a laboratory for 
		eugenics. Phony 
		
		‘intelligence tests’ were thus duly created by the leading 
		psychologists, who were also the leading eugenicists, and they were 
		administered by means of an assembly line process at the rate of 200,000 
		per month. Not surprisingly, the tests were designed so that those who 
		were familiar with the pop culture of the upper classes would score 
		highest. These would become the officer class; the rest would be given 
		the worst jobs in the army. Chapter 9.  Top IQ-tester Henry 
		E. Garrett, WWII, and the effort to preserve segregation. 
		Henry Edward Garrett, at the pinnacle of 
					academic psychology in the United States, helped design the 
					AGCT ‘intelligence tests’ that were given to around 12 
					million soldiers during WWII. According to Garrett's own 
					court testimony in a school desegregation case, it was with 
					“statistical shenanigans” that he had obtained the purported 
					result that black recruits were less intelligent than the 
					white. But that did not stop him from insisting that the 
					result was valid, and that segregation was just. The case in 
					which he did so went all the way to the Supreme Court as one 
					of several cases that got bundled and called “Brown vs. 
					Board of Education,” which appeal defeated the legal 
					sanction to American apartheid. There are uncanny 
		similarities between the arguments of eugenicists such as Henry E. 
		Garrett, and those of Jon Entine, though Entine delivers them in an 
		updated style. Chapter 10.  Modern 
		‘intelligence testing’ and Entine’s defense of it 
		IQ testing at the turn of the 
		twenty-first century is not any different than it was a hundred years 
		ago: it is a fraud. Modern IQ testers are still using incoherent logic 
		and non-evidence to allege that black people are supposedly inferior 
		intellects and that as a result their continued suffering is supposedly 
		their own fault, not to be blamed on a racist society. Jon Entine goes 
		out of his way to defend modern IQ testers. This chapter examines Jon 
		Entine's arguments, and also the arguments of those he defends. Chapter 11.  Who is behind the 
		current onslaught of racist pseudo-science? 
		A great deal of the racist pseudo-science 
		attacking blacks and other minorities has been sponsored by something 
		called the Pioneer Fund, an outfit tracing its roots to the American 
		eugenics movement of the first half of the twentieth century. But 
		Pioneer is hardly alone; it has some powerful allies. For example, the 
		New York Times, NBC, and the rest of the mainstream American media. Jon 
		Entine is a cog in this system: he defends the Pioneer Fund, and in fact 
		produces an apology for fascism. Not surprisingly, his friends all turn 
		out to be public racists.  |